dq.sigmam

sigmam() -> Array

Returns the Pauli lowering operator \(\sigma_-\).

It is defined by \(\sigma_- = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}\).

Returns

(array of shape (2, 2)) Pauli \(\sigma_-\) operator.

Examples

>>> dq.sigmam()
Array([[0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],
       [1.+0.j, 0.+0.j]], dtype=complex64)